
Pollyanna is a 1913 novel by American author Eleanor H. Porter, considered a classic of
children's literature. The book's success led to Porter soon writing a sequel,
Pollyanna Grows Up (1915). Eleven more
Pollyanna
sequels, known as "Glad Books", were later published, most of them
written by Elizabeth Borton or Harriet Lummis Smith. Further sequels
followed, including
Pollyanna Plays the Game by Colleen L.
Reece, published in 1997. Due to the book's fame "Pollyanna" has become a
byword for someone who – like the title character – has an unfailingly
optimistic outlook; a subconscious bias towards the positive is often
described as the Pollyanna principle.
The title character is Pollyanna Whittier, an eleven-year-old
orphan who goes to live in the fictional town of Beldingsville, Vermont,
with her wealthy but stern and cold spinster Aunt Polly, who does not
want to take in Pollyanna but feels it is her duty to her late sister.
Pollyanna's philosophy of life centers on what she calls "The Glad
Game," an optimistic and positive attitude she learned from her father.
The game consists of finding something to be glad about in every
situation, no matter how bleak it may be. It originated in an incident
one Christmas when Pollyanna, who was hoping for a doll in the
missionary barrel, found only a pair of crutches inside. Making the game
up on the spot, Pollyanna's father taught her to look at the good side
of things—in this case, to be glad about the crutches because she didn't
need to use them.
With this philosophy, and her own sunny personality and sincere,
sympathetic soul, Pollyanna brings so much gladness to her aunt's
dispirited New England town that she transforms it into a pleasant place
to live. The Glad Game shields her from her aunt's stern attitude: when
Aunt Polly puts her in a stuffy attic room without carpets or pictures,
she exults at the beautiful view from the high window; when she tries
to "punish" her niece for being late to dinner by sentencing her to a
meal of bread and milk in the kitchen with the servant Nancy, Pollyanna
thanks her rapturously because she likes bread and milk, and she likes
Nancy.
Soon Pollyanna teaches some of Beldingsville's most troubled
inhabitants to "play the game" as well, from a querulous invalid named
Mrs. Snow to a miserly bachelor, Mr. Pendleton, who lives all alone in a
cluttered mansion. Aunt Polly, too—finding herself helpless before
Pollyanna's buoyant refusal to be downcast—gradually begins to thaw,
although she resists the glad game longer than anyone else.
Spoliler Alert!! Do not read beyond this if you haven't read the book.
Eventually, however, even Pollyanna's robust optimism is put to the
test when she is struck by a car and loses the use of her legs. At first
she doesn't realize the seriousness of her situation, but her spirits
plummet when she is told what happened to her. After that, she lies in
bed, unable to find anything to be glad about. Then the townspeople
begin calling at Aunt Polly's house, eager to let Pollyanna know how
much her encouragement has improved their lives; and Pollyanna decides
she can still be glad that she at least has had her legs. The novel ends
with Aunt Polly marrying her former lover Dr. Chilton and Pollyanna
being sent to a hospital where she learns to walk again and is able to
appreciate the use of her legs far more as a result of being temporarily
disabled and unable to walk well.